Danger to life and urgent safety

Where life or serious safety is at stake, call for help, bring what is needed, and act without delay. The halacha of pikuach nefesh requires the necessary melacha; it is not a discretionary exception to the absence of an eruv.

Illness that is not life-threatening

A person who is ill, in significant pain, or unable to function normally may have defined allowances involving amirah l'akum or rabbinic prohibitions. The actual condition and the status of the route matter, so recurring needs should be addressed in advance.

Wheelchairs and mobility devices

A wheelchair or other mobility device can involve the person being moved, the device itself, attached objects, a non-Jewish aide, and the domains along the route. There is no single answer for every case.

Advance planning

A Rav can often help arrange medication, equipment, an aide, access, or a suitable location before Shabbos. Advance planning is especially important when the need occurs every week.